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In relation to juristic persons, the constitutional documents (sometimes referred to as the charter documents) of the entity are the documents which define the existence of the entity and regulate the structure and control of the entity and its members. The precise form of the constitutional documents depends upon the type of entity. ==Companies== By convention, most common law jurisdictions divide the constitutional documents of companies into two separate documents:〔Although, for example, in Australia, a company has a single consolidated corporate constitution.〕 *the Memorandum of Association (in some countries referred to as the Articles of Incorporation) is the primary document, and will generally regulate the company's activities with the outside world, such as the company's objects and powers. *the Articles of Association (in some countries referred to as the by-laws) is the secondary document, and will generally regulate the company's internal affairs and management, such as procedures for board meetings, dividend entitlements etc.〔In the event of any inconsistency, the Memorandum usually prevails, see ''Ashbury v Watson'' (1885) 30 Ch D 376〕 In many countries, only the primary document is filed, and the secondary document remains private. In other countries, both documents are filed. In civil law jurisdictions, the company's constitution is normally consolidated into a single document, often called the charter. It is quite common for members of a company to supplement the corporate constitution with additional arrangements, such as ''shareholders' agreements'', whereby they agree to exercise their membership rights in a certain way. Conceptually a shareholders' agreement fulfills many of the same functions as the corporate constitution, but because it is a contract, it will not normally bind new members of the company unless they accede to it somehow.〔''Shalfoon v Cheddar Valley'' () NZLR 561〕 One benefit of shareholders' agreement is that they will usually be confidential, as most jurisdictions do not require shareholders' agreements to be publicly filed. Another common method of supplementing the corporate constitution is by means of ''voting trusts'', although these are relatively uncommon outside of the United States and certain offshore jurisdictions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Constitutional documents」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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